What’s the Difference Between Reefer and Dry Van Trailers?

In freight and logistics, choosing the right trailer type is key to protecting cargo and optimizing costs. Two of the most commonly used trailers—reefer and dry van—may appear similar from the outside, but they serve very different functions.

Understanding the differences between these two trailer types helps shippers, carriers, and logistics teams make informed decisions about which equipment to use depending on the freight’s specific needs.

Reefer Trailers: Refrigerated and Regulated

Reefer trailers are built with refrigeration units to maintain a specific internal temperature throughout the shipment. These units allow shippers to transport perishable goods such as fresh produce, dairy, frozen food, pharmaceuticals, and other temperature-sensitive materials.

A reefer trailer is designed not just to keep products cold, but to manage a controlled climate. Some models also offer heating functions to prevent freezing in cold environments. Because reefer loads often come with strict regulatory requirements, there is added emphasis on temperature tracking, trailer cleanliness, and documentation.

Operating a reefer trailer includes more complexity: the unit must be fueled and maintained, and drivers often need to monitor temperature settings throughout the trip. Transit timing may also be more sensitive due to product shelf life and temperature tolerance.

Dry Van Trailers: Versatile and Widely Used

Dry vans, by contrast, are non-refrigerated and fully enclosed trailers used for general freight that doesn’t require temperature control. They’re used to move everything from consumer goods and packaged food to electronics, paper, and building materials.

Dry vans protect cargo from outside elements like wind, rain, and debris, making them ideal for boxed, palletized, or shrink-wrapped freight. Because they don’t require refrigeration systems, dry vans are simpler to operate and generally less expensive to book and maintain.

Their versatility and cost-effectiveness have made dry vans the most widely used trailer type in domestic freight. They’re ideal for shippers looking for basic protection and reliable transport without the need for climate control.

Key Differences at a Glance

While both trailer types are enclosed and designed to secure freight from weather and road hazards, the main differences come down to equipment, cargo requirements, and operating costs.

Reefers are chosen when temperature precision is critical. They’re more specialized and typically cost more due to fuel and maintenance needs. Dry vans, on the other hand, are a practical choice for general freight and everyday distribution—simple, accessible, and efficient.

Shippers may even use both depending on product mix. For instance, a retailer might send refrigerated goods on a reefer and packaged items on a dry van within the same shipment window, coordinating arrival and unloading schedules separately.

Choosing the Right Trailer for the Job

The decision between a reefer and a dry van comes down to freight characteristics. If your cargo is perishable, regulated for temperature, or sensitive to environmental conditions, a reefer is the clear choice. For all other freight that simply needs protection from the elements, dry vans are typically more cost-effective and widely available.

It’s also worth factoring in availability, especially during seasonal peaks. Reefer trailers can become harder to book—and more expensive—during harvest months or during large-scale vaccine or pharmaceutical shipments.

Final Thoughts

Reefer and dry van trailers both play essential roles in freight transportation. While they may look similar externally, their functions and freight suitability are quite different. Choosing the right one ensures your cargo stays secure, compliant, and on schedule—without overspending on features you may not need.

Whether you’re shipping frozen food or electronics, having a clear understanding of each trailer type can improve routing efficiency, reduce risk, and keep your supply chain running smoothly.