LTL vs Volume-LTL Shipping: Key Differences Explained

When shipping freight that doesn’t require a full truckload, the most common options are Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) and Volume LTL—also known as Partial Truckload. While both methods serve shipments that fall below full capacity, they operate very differently in terms of pricing, handling, and transit experience.

Understanding the distinctions between these two services is essential for shippers trying to balance cost, efficiency, and delivery timelines—especially in an increasingly complex freight environment.

What Is LTL Shipping?

LTL shipping is designed for freight that takes up only a portion of a truck’s total capacity. Multiple shippers share space in a single trailer, and carriers consolidate loads based on routing, origin, and destination. This system allows shippers to pay only for the portion of the trailer they use.

LTL works well for palletized freight in the 150 to 10,000-pound range, especially when the load isn’t urgent and the shipper doesn’t need direct service. However, because LTL shipments are frequently transferred between terminals, the freight often passes through multiple hands before delivery.

This hub-and-spoke system maximizes trailer usage but can result in longer transit times and higher risks of damage due to the number of touchpoints involved.

What Is Volume LTL (or Partial Truckload)?

Volume LTL—or Partial Truckload—is a service designed for freight that’s too large for standard LTL but doesn’t fill a full trailer. This typically includes loads between 6 and 18 pallets or 5,000 to 25,000 pounds.

Unlike traditional LTL, Volume LTL is often moved on a more direct route, with minimal or no transfers at intermediate terminals. This reduces the risk of damage and can shorten transit time.

Pricing for Volume LTL is generally based on linear feet or trailer space used, rather than freight class. In many cases, it is spot-quoted instead of using standard rate tables, which allows for greater flexibility but requires more coordination.

Key Differences Between LTL and Volume LTL

While both services aim to provide cost-effective alternatives to full truckload shipping, their core characteristics differ.

Transit and Handling:
LTL shipments are typically routed through multiple terminals, increasing both handling and dwell time. Volume LTL shipments often move more directly, which reduces handling and speeds up delivery.

Pricing Models:
LTL rates are based on a combination of freight class, weight, distance, and dimensions. Volume LTL pricing is more space-based, often quoted per linear foot, with less dependence on freight classification.

Shipment Size Suitability:
Standard LTL is better for smaller pallet counts and lighter loads. Volume LTL is ideal for larger freight that doesn’t require the full capacity of a trailer but exceeds standard LTL thresholds.

Risk of Damage:
With more frequent handling and transfers, LTL presents a higher likelihood of damage, especially for delicate or non-standard freight. Volume LTL’s fewer touchpoints make it a better choice for shippers concerned about product condition.

When to Use Each Option

LTL is the better choice when you’re shipping just a few pallets, aren’t on a tight delivery schedule, and need to take advantage of scheduled pickups and consistent routing. It’s highly accessible, widely available, and easy to book for common freight profiles.

Volume LTL makes more sense when you’re moving freight that’s outside typical LTL weight or size limits, but still below full truckload levels. It’s especially useful for minimizing handling, improving speed, or simplifying pricing when freight class complexities create confusion.

Final Thoughts

Both LTL and Volume LTL offer valuable solutions for shippers navigating the middle ground between parcel and full truckload freight. The right choice depends on your shipment size, delivery expectations, and how much control you need over the routing and handling of your freight.

By understanding how these two services differ—and how they can complement each other within your broader shipping strategy—you can make smarter, more cost-effective decisions across your supply chain.