How to Ship Freight Internationally from the U.S.

Shipping freight internationally from the United States can open doors to global markets, expand customer bases, and improve sourcing strategies. But navigating the process requires careful planning, documentation, and coordination across borders, modes, and regulations.

Whether you’re exporting goods for the first time or looking to refine your approach, this guide outlines the key steps and considerations for a smooth international freight shipping experience.

Step 1: Understand What You’re Shipping

International freight shipping begins with defining the nature of your goods. Important details include:

  • Dimensions and weight

  • Product classification (Harmonized System code)

  • Packaging requirements for overseas transit

  • Special handling or hazard classifications

Each product type may be subject to different rules, restrictions, or documentation, especially when crossing international borders.

Step 2: Choose the Right Freight Mode

International shipments are commonly moved via:

  • Ocean freight: The most cost-effective method for large or non-urgent shipments

  • Air freight: Offers speed and security for time-sensitive or high-value cargo

  • Express couriers: Ideal for small packages with fast turnaround

  • Multimodal: A combination of air, ocean, rail, or truck depending on destination and urgency

Selecting the right mode will depend on budget, delivery timeline, and destination infrastructure.

Step 3: Prepare International Documentation

One of the most critical aspects of international freight shipping is getting the paperwork right. Common documents include:

  • Commercial Invoice: Lists the value, description, and quantity of goods

  • Packing List: Detailed breakdown of how items are packed

  • Bill of Lading or Air Waybill: Serves as the contract of carriage

  • Certificate of Origin: Confirms where goods were manufactured

  • Export Declaration: Filed electronically for certain shipments depending on value or destination

Missing or incorrect documentation can result in customs delays, fines, or denied entry.

Step 4: Partner with a Freight Forwarder or Customs Broker

Freight forwarders play a key role in international shipping by:

  • Booking cargo space on vessels or aircraft

  • Coordinating pickup and delivery

  • Ensuring documents are submitted correctly

  • Assisting with customs clearance in both origin and destination countries

Customs brokers can also help navigate import/export regulations, tariff classifications, and duties, ensuring compliance with international trade laws.

Step 5: Understand Duties, Taxes, and Import Regulations

Different countries have different rules for what can be imported and under what conditions. Duties and taxes may be applied based on:

  • Value of goods

  • Country of origin

  • Trade agreements in effect

  • Product type or classification

In some cases, the shipper is responsible for these costs (Delivered Duty Paid), while in others, the consignee pays (Delivered Duty Unpaid). Clarity here is critical to avoiding surprises at delivery.

Step 6: Choose the Right Incoterms

Incoterms, or International Commercial Terms, define responsibilities between buyer and seller. They outline who pays for shipping, insurance, customs duties, and more.

Examples include:

  • EXW (Ex Works): Buyer takes full responsibility once goods leave the seller’s location

  • FOB (Free on Board): Seller covers costs to the port; buyer covers everything after

  • DAP (Delivered at Place): Seller handles most of the journey, excluding import duties

Choosing the right Incoterm ensures all parties are clear on obligations and financial responsibilities.

Step 7: Track, Communicate, and Prepare for Delivery

Once freight is in motion, proactive communication is essential. Modern shipping platforms provide real-time tracking and alerts, keeping all parties informed.

At the destination, ensure someone is ready to receive the shipment, complete any import procedures, and inspect the goods for accuracy and condition.

Final Thoughts

Shipping freight internationally from the U.S. involves more than just moving goods—it’s about navigating legal, logistical, and financial requirements across countries and continents. By preparing thoroughly, working with trusted partners, and staying informed, businesses can confidently access global markets and ensure smooth cross-border operations.