How to Get a DOT Number and MC Number: Complete Guide

If you’re planning to operate a commercial trucking business in the United States, securing a DOT number and MC number is one of the first steps in becoming legally compliant. These two identifiers are essential for companies transporting freight across state lines and play a major role in how the federal government tracks safety, licensing, and operations.

While the process isn’t overly complicated, it does involve several steps—and knowing how and when to apply can save time, avoid delays, and help you get on the road faster.

 

What Is a DOT Number?

A DOT number is issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and is used to identify commercial vehicles operating in interstate commerce. It tracks safety records, inspections, crash investigations, and compliance audits.

You’ll need a DOT number if your vehicle:

  • Transports passengers or freight in interstate commerce

  • Weighs more than 10,000 pounds

  • Carries more than 8 passengers for compensation (or 15 without compensation)

Most freight carriers fall under this requirement, making the DOT number the first official registration step for new entrants.

 

What Is an MC Number?

The MC number, or Motor Carrier number, is also issued by FMCSA but serves a different purpose. It’s required for carriers that operate for-hire and transport regulated commodities or passengers across state lines.

Unlike the DOT number, which identifies the carrier’s safety profile, the MC number grants authority to engage in interstate commerce. You’ll typically need an MC number if you’re:

  • Transporting goods you don’t own (for-hire)

  • Crossing state boundaries

  • Carrying regulated freight (including household goods, certain chemicals, or temperature-sensitive items)

Some operations require both numbers, while others may only need a DOT number, depending on the cargo and service structure.

 

Step-by-Step: How to Apply for a DOT and MC Number

The application process can be completed online through the FMCSA’s Unified Registration System (URS). Here’s how to approach it from start to finish.

1. Set Up a USDOT Account

Start by creating an account on the FMCSA URS portal. You’ll need basic business information including your legal name, company type (sole proprietor, LLC, etc.), and business address.

2. Determine Which Operating Authority You Need

During the application, the system will ask questions to help determine whether you need a DOT number, an MC number, or both. Be prepared to answer questions about what type of freight you’ll haul, whether you’ll be for-hire, and what states you plan to operate in.

3. Complete the URS Application

You’ll submit details about your vehicles, drivers, and cargo types. For most carriers, this includes:

  • Vehicle identification numbers (VINs)

  • Number of commercial drivers

  • Planned routes and operational states

  • Safety certifications and insurance info

The system will generate your DOT number instantly once submitted. Your MC number will be issued soon after, but it won’t be active until insurance and other compliance requirements are verified.

4. Pay the Application Fee (MC Only)

If you’re applying for an MC number, there is a non-refundable fee—typically around $300. Payment is required before processing can continue.

 

Activation and Processing Timeline

Your DOT number becomes active immediately upon submission. However, the MC number must go through a 21-day protest period, during which time the FMCSA allows public comments or disputes from competitors or industry groups.

To activate your MC number, you must:

  • Submit proof of liability insurance

  • Designate a process agent (BOC-3 form)

  • Wait for the protest period to expire

If these steps are completed promptly, most carriers can expect full operating authority within three to four weeks from the date of submission.

 

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Many new carriers encounter delays due to paperwork errors or missing documents. Some of the most common issues include:

  • Listing the wrong business name or legal entity

  • Failing to submit the BOC-3 form

  • Insurance not being filed correctly by the carrier’s insurer

  • Attempting to operate before the MC number is active

Avoiding these missteps can make the registration process much smoother.

 

Do You Need Both Numbers?

Not every business needs both a DOT and MC number. If you only operate within a single state (intrastate), or if you haul your own goods rather than transporting freight for others, you may only need a DOT number. However, if you cross state lines and operate for-hire, having both is typically required.

In some cases, state-specific regulations may also come into play. It’s a good idea to check with your state’s Department of Transportation or motor carrier authority for additional guidance.

 

Final Thoughts

Registering for a DOT and MC number is a foundational step for any carrier planning to operate in interstate commerce. While the application process is relatively straightforward, taking the time to understand what each number means—and ensuring that each form is correctly submitted—can save you from headaches down the line.

Whether you’re launching your first trucking company or expanding operations across state lines, these identifiers are more than just regulatory requirements—they’re your ticket to full compliance and the legal ability to move freight across the U.S.