FTL vs LTL vs Volume LTL: Differences Explained

What is FTL?

FTL, or Full Truckload, refers to shipping in which a single shipment fills an entire trailer. The freight may not literally take up all the space, but the shipper reserves the full truck for one load. This option is commonly used for large shipments, time-sensitive deliveries, or freight that requires minimal handling.

The key advantage of FTL is efficiency. Because the load travels directly from origin to destination without stops for other freight, transit times are faster and the risk of damage is reduced. However, it typically comes with higher costs since the shipper pays for exclusive use of the truck.

What is LTL?

LTL, or Less Than Truckload, involves combining freight from multiple shippers into one trailer. Each shipper pays only for the portion of space their cargo occupies. This option is ideal for smaller shipments that don’t require a full truck.

LTL is generally more cost-effective than FTL, but transit times can be longer. Since the carrier must make multiple stops, freight is often transferred at distribution terminals before reaching its final destination. This introduces more handling, which can increase the risk of damage compared to FTL.

What is Volume LTL?

Volume LTL is a hybrid option that fits between traditional LTL and FTL. It is used for shipments that are too large to qualify as standard LTL but don’t need an entire truck. Carriers may offer special pricing for these mid-sized loads, typically measured by weight, number of pallets, or amount of trailer space required.

Volume LTL allows shippers to secure more competitive rates than FTL while still receiving dedicated space for their larger-than-usual shipment. It offers a practical middle ground for freight that falls into a gray area between small and full truckloads.

Cost Considerations

• FTL: Higher upfront cost, but ideal for large shipments and direct routes.

• LTL: More affordable for smaller shipments, but longer transit times and additional handling may apply.

• Volume LTL: Cost-effective for medium-sized shipments, offering savings compared to FTL with more flexibility than standard LTL.

Understanding these cost dynamics helps shippers choose the most efficient option based on their budget and shipment size.

Transit Time and Handling

Transit speed is often a deciding factor. FTL offers the fastest delivery since freight moves directly from point A to point B. LTL usually requires terminal transfers and shared routes, which add time. Volume LTL falls in between—fewer stops than LTL but not always as direct as FTL.

Handling also differs. FTL minimizes transfers, reducing the risk of damage. LTL shipments are handled multiple times, while volume LTL shipments may experience limited transfers depending on the carrier.

Choosing the Right Option

The decision between FTL, LTL, and Volume LTL depends on shipment size, urgency, budget, and sensitivity of goods. Businesses with frequent smaller shipments often lean toward LTL, while large-scale or time-sensitive loads typically require FTL. Volume LTL is an excellent choice for those who ship in-between sizes and want to balance cost and speed.

Why These Options Matter

Understanding the differences between FTL, LTL, and Volume LTL is essential for making efficient shipping decisions. Each option has advantages and trade-offs, and selecting the right one ensures that freight moves in the most cost-effective and reliable way possible.