LTL in Trucking: What Does It Mean?

In the world of freight transportation, understanding the different shipping methods is key to making informed, cost-effective decisions. One of the most common terms you’ll hear is LTL, short for Less Than Truckload. It’s a service that plays a vital role in modern supply chains, helping businesses move smaller loads without the expense of booking an entire truck.

This article breaks down what LTL means in trucking, how it works, and when it makes sense to use it.

What Does LTL Mean in Trucking?

LTL stands for “Less Than Truckload,” and it refers to the shipment of relatively small freight that doesn’t require the full space of a trailer. Instead of dedicating a truck to a single load, LTL allows multiple shipments from different businesses to share space on the same vehicle.

Each shipper pays for the portion of the trailer their freight uses, making it a cost-effective option for moving freight that’s too large for parcel services but too small to justify a full truckload.

LTL is especially useful for companies that need regular shipments but don’t generate enough volume to fill a trailer consistently.

How LTL Shipping Works

LTL shipping operates on a hub-and-spoke model. Freight is picked up from multiple shippers and transported to a central terminal, where it’s sorted and consolidated with other shipments headed in the same direction.

From there, the freight moves through a series of distribution points until it reaches the final delivery terminal. It may be transferred between trucks along the way, which helps maximize trailer space but also means LTL freight is handled more frequently than full truckload shipments.

This model allows for broader service coverage and efficient resource use, especially in regions with dense shipping networks.

Key Advantages of LTL Shipping

The primary advantage of LTL is cost efficiency. Since you’re only paying for the space your freight occupies, you avoid the full cost of booking an entire truck. But there are other benefits as well:

  • Frequent service schedules across major lanes

  • More flexibility for regular but lower-volume shippers

  • Options for special services, such as liftgate delivery or inside drop-off

  • Tracking and visibility through carrier systems

These advantages make LTL a smart choice for businesses looking to streamline shipping without overcommitting resources.

When to Use LTL Over Other Shipping Methods

LTL shipping is ideal when your shipment:

  • Weighs between 150 and 15,000 pounds

  • Includes 1 to 6 pallets or skids

  • Does not require dedicated truck space

  • Isn’t extremely time-sensitive or fragile

If your freight fits those criteria, LTL is often more cost-effective than full truckload (FTL) or expedited options. However, if your load is especially large, delicate, or must be delivered urgently, FTL or dedicated shipping may be the better route.

How LTL Pricing Works

LTL pricing is based on several variables. Carriers use a classification system that considers:

  • Freight class (based on density, stowability, handling, and liability)

  • Weight

  • Dimensions and space occupied (in linear feet)

  • Distance or shipping zones

  • Additional services or accessorial charges

Because of the complexity, LTL rates are typically quoted through digital tools or directly from carriers. Accurate weight, dimensions, and freight descriptions are critical to avoid reclassification fees.

Packaging and Handling Considerations

Since LTL shipments are handled more frequently than FTL freight, proper packaging is essential. Most LTL freight travels on pallets or skids to facilitate loading and prevent damage during transfer.

It’s important to:

  • Shrink wrap all items tightly

  • Use corner protectors or padding for fragile freight

  • Clearly label pallets with shipment and destination information

Secure packaging ensures that your freight remains intact and compliant throughout its journey.

Final Thoughts

LTL in trucking provides an efficient, flexible, and cost-effective option for shippers who don’t need full trailer capacity. It’s especially valuable for companies that ship regularly in moderate volumes and want to reduce costs while maintaining reliable delivery windows.

Understanding what LTL is and how it works allows you to make smarter choices, build better carrier relationships, and keep your supply chain flowing—without overpaying for space you don’t need.